THE BIRTH OF HIP HOP
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Hip-hop is a subculture and an art movement that emerged from the Bronx in New York City during the early 1970s. Its development reflected the negative effects of post-industrial decline, political discourse, and a rapidly changing economy. Urban despair brought rising crime, gang violence, and poverty. Consequently, businesses closed their doors, causing many economic opportunities and sources of entertainment to evaporate. As a result, urban youth turned to the streets for recreation and self-expression. The abandoned buildings and parking lots set the stage for block parties.
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These block parties laid the groundwork for everything associated with early hip-hop culture. DJs and MCs brought the music by setting up mobile “Sound Systems” introduced by Jamaican culture. Sheets of cardboard became dance floors for break-dancers, and brick walls transformed into canvases for graffiti. A new era was on the rise fueled by sentiments of anger, hardship, and abandonment. However, the emerging hip-hop movement transformed despair and racial barriers into numerous creative outlets. It also became an outlet to deal with violence.
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THE PIONEERS OF HIP HOP
Several people were influential in creating hip-hop. However, the most notable pioneers are DJ Kool Herc, Afrika Bambaataa, and Grandmaster Flash. These three innovators are known as the “Holy Trinity” of hip-hop. DJ Kool Herc is credited with originating the breakbeat, a percussion-heavy style of hip-hop that emphasizes the rhythm section of a song. Afrika Bambaataa is known for his contributions to the development of hip-hop culture, including the creation of the Universal Zulu Nation, a hip-hop awareness group. Grandmaster Flash is known for his technical innovations, including the use of turntables as musical instruments.
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